基于近期研究进展的高血压防治策略综述 |
| 张稳超 刘玲 |
| 金平县疾控中心，云南红河，661500 |
| 摘要：高血压是全球范围内导致心脑血管疾病及死亡的主要危险因素，其防治已成为公共卫生领域的重大课题。本文系统梳理了2025 年发布的100 篇中文学术文献，从高血压的病理机制、诊断评估、中西医治疗策略、特殊人群管理、护理与社区干预以及未来展望等多个维度，对高血压的防治研究进展进行综述。在病理机制方面，研究深入至胰岛素抵抗、HMGB1 炎症机制、遗传因素（如ARMC5 基因）及高盐饮食对神经调控的影响。诊断评估上，新兴生物标志物（如ANGPTL7、miR-126）、超声影像组学、风险预测模型等提升了诊断的精准性。治疗策略涵盖了西药联合方案（如ARB+CCB、沙库巴曲缬沙坦）、中医药辨证论治（如三维七要法则、钩藤玄参颗粒、穴位磁疗）以及非药物疗法（如运动、耳部刮痧）。针对妊娠期高血压、老年共病等特殊人群的管理策略也得到细化。此外，基于ERAS 理念的护理、延续性社区护理及健康管理模式的构建，体现了防治结合的综合性。本文旨在为临床实践与后续研究提供全面的参考依据，并强调多学科、个体化、全程化管理在高血压防控中的核心地位。 |
| 关健词：高血压；防治策略；中西医结合；病理机制；精准诊断；特殊人群管理；社区护理；文献综述 |
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| Review of Hypertension Prevention and Treatment StrategiesBased on Recent Research Progress |
| Wenchao Zhang Ling Liu |
| Jinxian County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Honghe, Yunnan 661500 , China |
| Abstract: Hypertension is a major global risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and mortality, making itsprevention and treatment a significant public health challenge. This review systematically synthesizes 100 Chinese academicpublications from 2025, covering various aspects of hypertension management, including pathological mechanisms, diagnosisand assessment, integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine treatment strategies, management in special populations,nursing and community interventions, and future perspectives. Regarding pathological mechanisms, research has delved into insulinresistance, HMGB1-mediated inflammatory pathways, genetic factors (e.g., ARMC5 gene), and the effects of high-salt dieton neural regulation. In diagnosis and assessment, emerging biomarkers (e.g., ANGPTL7, miR-126), ultrasound radiomics, andrisk prediction models have enhanced diagnostic precision. Treatment strategies encompass Western medicine combinations (e.g.,ARB+CCB, Sacubitril/Valsartan), Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) syndrome differentiation and treatment (e.g., Three-dimensionalSeven-Principle diagnostic rule, Goutou Xuanshen Granules, acupoint magnetic therapy), and non-pharmacologicaltherapies (e.g., exercise, auricular scraping). Management strategies for special populations, such as gestational hypertension andelderly patients with comorbidities, have been refined. Furthermore, nursing care based on the ERAS concept, continuous communitynursing, and the construction of health management models reflect the comprehensive approach integrating preventionand treatment. This review aims to provide a comprehensive reference for clinical practice and future research, emphasizing thecore importance of multidisciplinary, individualized, and whole-process management in hypertension control. |
| Keywords：Hypertension; Prevention and Treatment Strategies; Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine; PathologicalMechanisms; Precision Diagnosis; Special Population Management; Community Nursing; Literature Review |
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